According to these indicators, user data rates of 1 Gb/s and peak rates of 20 Gb/s with latency less than 10 ms are targeted, resulting in high area connection densities up to 10 6 devices per km 2 and capacities up to 10 Mb/s/m 2 . Stimulated by this completely new landscape, expert alliances, such as the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) and Next Generation Mobile Networks (NGMN), have defined certain key performance indicators (KPIs) for 5G broadband access networks.
The widespread use of emerging applications, such as 4K high definition streaming, augmented/virtual reality applications (AR/VR), immersive video conference, etc., has created the need for ubiquitous high bandwidth connectivity and enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB) services. The longest reach to place the BBU away from the hotspot was also investigated, revealing acceptable EVM performance for fiber lengths up to 4.8 km.īroadband mobile connectivity is rapidly evolving towards the fifth generation (5G) era, defining a new set of requirements beyond the capabilities of the legacy long-term evolution (LTE) based fourth generation (4G) networks. All signals exhibited error vector magnitude (EVM) values within the acceptable 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) limits of 8%. An aggregate capacity of 96 Gb/s has been reported by exploiting two WDM links carrying multi-IF band orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) signals at a baud rate of 0.5 Gbd with sub-carrier (SC) modulation of 64-QAM.
Particularly, the fronthaul link employs photonic integrated circuit (PIC)-based WDM optical transmitters (Txs) at the baseband unit (BBU), while novel reconfigurable optical add-drop multiplexers (ROADMs) cascaded in an optical bus are used at the remote radio head (RRH) site, to facilitate reconfigurable wavelength switching functionalities up to 4 wavelengths. The proposed architecture exploits the wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) technique and multicarrier intermediate-frequency-over-fiber (IFoF) signal generation per wavelength in order to satisfy the demanding needs of hotspot areas. In this paper, we propose an analog optical fronthaul 5G architecture, fully aligned with the emerging Centralized-Radio Access Network (C-RAN) concept. Analog fronthauling is currently promoted as a bandwidth and energy-efficient solution that can meet the requirements of the Fifth Generation (5G) vision for low latency, high data rates and energy efficiency.
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